第 33 章：Agent 安全：注入、沙箱、权限与输出治理

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import subprocess
from pathlib import Path

def run_user_code(code: str, timeout: int = 5) -> dict:
    # 1. 白名单校验：禁止危险模块/函数
    forbidden = ["__import__", "os.system", "subprocess", "open(", "eval(", "exec("]
    if any(f in code for f in forbidden):
        return {"ok": False, "error": "forbidden pattern detected"}

    # 2. 写入临时文件
    src = Path("/tmp/sandbox/src.py")
    src.write_text(code, encoding="utf-8")

    # 3. 在只读/网络隔离的容器内运行
    result = subprocess.run(
        [
            "docker", "run", "--rm", "-i",
            "--network", "none",
            "--read-only",
            "-v", f"{src.parent}:/sandbox:ro",
            "python:3.12-slim",
            "python", "/sandbox/src.py",
        ],
        capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout,
    )
    return {"ok": result.returncode == 0, "stdout": result.stdout, "stderr": result.stderr}

import { spawn } from "child_process";
import { writeFileSync } from "fs";

export async function runSandboxed(code: string, timeout = 5000): Promise<string> {
  const forbidden = ["require(", "eval(", "Function(", "process"];
  if (forbidden.some((p) => code.includes(p))) {
    throw new Error("forbidden pattern detected");
  }
  const file = "/tmp/sandbox/main.js";
  writeFileSync(file, code);
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const child = spawn("node", [file], {
      timeout,
      env: {},
      stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
    });
    let out = "";
    child.stdout.on("data", (d) => (out += d));
    child.on("close", () => resolve(out));
    child.on("error", reject);
  });
}

var allowedCmds = map[string]bool{"git": true, "python3": true}

func runCommand(name string, args []string) error {
    if !allowedCmds[name] {
        return fmt.Errorf("command %s not allowed", name)
    }
    cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)
    cmd.Env = []string{} // 清空环境变量
    return cmd.Run()
}

public class ScriptSandbox {
    public String run(Script script) {
        if (!ALLOWED_SCRIPTS.contains(script.getType())) {
            throw new SecurityException("script type not allowed");
        }
        // 在独立进程或受限 SecurityManager 中执行
        return executeInSandbox(script);
    }
}

from functools import wraps

PERMISSIONS = {
    "code_assistant": ["read_file", "run_linter", "run_tests"],
    "devops_assistant": ["read_file", "deploy_staging"],
}

def require_permission(tool_name: str):
    def decorator(fn):
        @wraps(fn)
        def wrapper(agent_role: str, *args, **kwargs):
            if tool_name not in PERMISSIONS.get(agent_role, []):
                raise PermissionError(f"role {agent_role} cannot use {tool_name}")
            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return decorator

from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
import re

class SendEmailArgs(BaseModel):
    to: str
    subject: str
    body: str

    @validator("to")
    def internal_only(cls, v):
        if not v.endswith("@company.com"):
            raise ValueError("only internal recipients allowed")
        return v

    @validator("body")
    def no_urls(cls, v):
        if re.search(r"https?://", v):
            raise ValueError("external URLs not allowed in email body")
        return v

import { z } from "zod";

const sendEmailSchema = z.object({
  to: z.string().email().endsWith("@company.com"),
  subject: z.string().max(200),
  body: z.string().refine((v) => !/https?:\/\//.test(v), "external URLs not allowed"),
});

import re

def redact_pii(text: str) -> str:
    # 身份证号
    text = re.sub(r"\b\d{17}[\dXx]\b", "[ID_CARD]", text)
    # 手机号
    text = re.sub(r"\b1[3-9]\d{9}\b", "[PHONE]", text)
    # 邮箱
    text = re.sub(r"[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+\.\w+", "[EMAIL]", text)
    return text

safe_prompt = redact_pii(raw_user_input)